Kev kho cua sov yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb heev hauv kev ua cov khoom siv hlau.Kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem hloov kho lub cev thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv hlau, txhim kho lawv cov hardness, lub zog, toughness, thiab lwm yam khoom.
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov qauv ntawm cov khoom tsim muaj kev nyab xeeb, txhim khu kev qha, kev lag luam, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xaiv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov kom tsim nyog raws li cov qauv tsim thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, thiab txhim kho lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab lub neej.Cov hauv qab no yog 13 txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv hlau, vam tias yuav pab tau rau txhua tus.
1. Annealing
Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas cov ntaub ntawv hlau tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, khaws cia rau qee lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias.Lub hom phiaj ntawm annealing yog tsuas yog los txo cov hardness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau, txhim kho plasticity, yooj yim txiav los yog siab ua, txo residual kev nyuaj siab, txhim kho lub uniformity ntawm microstructure thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg, los yog npaj microstructure rau tom qab kub kho.Cov txheej txheem annealing muaj xws li recrystallization annealing, ua kom tiav annealing, spheroidization annealing, thiab kev ntxhov siab relieving annealing.
Ua kom tiav annealing: Kho cov nplej loj, cov qauv zoo ib yam, txo cov tawv nqaij, tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv.Ua kom tiav annealing yog tsim rau forgings lossis steel castings nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon (suab feem) qis dua 0.8%.
Spheroidizing annealing: txo cov hardness ntawm steel, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, thiab npaj rau yav tom ntej quenching kom txo deformation thiab tawg tom qab quenching.Spheroidizing annealing yog tsim rau cov pa roj carbon steel thiab cov cuab yeej alloy steel nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon (feem ntau) ntau dua 0.8%.
Stress relieving annealing: Nws tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tsim thaum lub sij hawm vuam thiab txias ncaj ntawm steel qhov chaw, tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tsim thaum lub sij hawm precision machining ntawm qhov chaw, thiab tiv thaiv deformation thaum lub sij hawm tom qab ua thiab siv.Kev ntxhov siab tshem tawm annealing yog tsim rau ntau yam castings, forgings, welded qhov chaw, thiab txias extruded qhov chaw.
Nws hais txog cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ntawm cov cua sov steel lossis cov khoom siv hlau rau qhov kub ntawm 30-50 ℃ saum Ac3 lossis Acm (lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau), tuav lawv rau lub sijhawm tsim nyog, thiab txias rau hauv huab cua.Lub hom phiaj ntawm normalizing yog tsuas yog los txhim kho cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj carbon tsawg, txhim kho machinability, ua kom cov nplej loj, tshem tawm cov qauv tsis xws luag, thiab npaj cov qauv rau kev kho cua sov tom ntej.
3. Quenching
Nws yog hais txog cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ntawm cov cua sov ntawm cov khoom siv hlau rau qhov kub siab tshaj Ac3 lossis Ac1 (qhov kub ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau), tuav nws rau qee lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd tau txais cov qauv martensite (lossis bainite) ntawm ib qho tsim nyog tus nqi cua txias.Lub hom phiaj ntawm quenching yog kom tau txais cov qauv martensitic uas yuav tsum tau ua rau steel qhov chaw, txhim kho hardness, lub zog, thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm lub workpiece, thiab npaj cov qauv rau kev kho cua sov tom ntej.
Cov txheej txheem quenching muaj xws li ntsev da dej quenching, martensitic qib quenching, bainite isothermal quenching, nto quenching, thiab hauv zos quenching.
Ib qho kua quenching: Ib qho kua quenching tsuas yog siv tau rau cov pa roj carbon steel thiab alloy steel qhov chaw nrog cov duab yooj yim thiab cov kev cai qis.Thaum lub sij hawm quenching, rau carbon steel qhov chaw nrog ib txoj kab uas hla los yog thickness ntau tshaj 5-8 hli, dej ntsev los yog dej txias yuav tsum tau siv;Alloy steel qhov chaw yog txias nrog roj.
Ob chav ua kua quenching: Thaum tshav kub kub ntawm cov hlau mus rau lub quenching kub, tom qab rwb thaiv tsev, sai sai txias lawv nyob rau hauv dej mus rau 300-400 º C, thiab ces hloov mus rau cov roj kom txias.
Nplaim nplaim quenching: Nplaim nto quenching yog tsim rau loj nruab nrab carbon steel thiab nruab nrab carbon alloy steel qhov chaw, xws li crankshafts, zog, thiab qhia rails, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug nyuaj thiab hnav-resistant nto thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus tej yam loads nyob rau hauv ib los yog me me batch ntau lawm .
Deg induction hardening: Cov khoom uas tau dhau los ntawm qhov chaw induction hardening muaj qhov nyuaj thiab hnav-resistant nto, thaum tuav zoo zog thiab toughness ntawm cov tub ntxhais.Surface induction hardening yog tsim rau nruab nrab carbon steel thiab alloy steel qhov chaw nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon.
4. Tempering
Nws yog hais txog cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas cov hlau tau quenched thiab tom qab ntawd rhuab mus rau qhov kub hauv qab Ac1, tuav rau qee lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd txias rau chav sov.Lub hom phiaj ntawm tempering yog tsuas yog los tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab uas tsim los ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm quenching, kom cov hlau qhov chaw muaj siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau plasticity thiab toughness.Cov txheej txheem tempering feem ntau suav nrog qhov ntsuas kub qis, nruab nrab kub tempering, kub tempering, thiab lwm yam.
Tsawg kub tempering: Tsis tshua muaj kub tempering tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv los ntawm quenching hauv steel qhov chaw, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau cov cuab yeej txiav, ntsuas cov cuab yeej, pwm, dov bearings, thiab carburized qhov chaw.
Nruab nrab kub tempering: Nruab nrab kub tempering ua rau cov hlau qhov chaw kom ua tau siab elasticity, qee yam toughness, thiab hardness, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau ntau hom springs, kub stamping tuag, thiab lwm yam.
Kub kub tempering: Kub kub tempering enables steel qhov chaw kom ua tau zoo txhua yam khoom, uas yog siab zog, toughness, thiab txaus hardness, tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv los ntawm quenching.Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau muaj zog thiab toughness, xws li spindles, crankshafts, cams, gears, thiab txuas rods.
5. Quenching & Tempering
Hais txog cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov sib xyaw ntawm quenching thiab tempering steel lossis steel Cheebtsam.Cov hlau siv rau quenching thiab tempering kho yog hu ua quenched thiab tempered steel.Nws feem ntau yog hais txog nruab nrab carbon structural steel thiab nruab nrab carbon alloy structural steel.
6. Kev kho cua sov
Kev kho cua sov txheej txheem uas cov hlau lossis hlau ua haujlwm tau muab tso rau hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau rwb thaiv tsev, tso cai rau ib lossis ntau lub ntsiab lus nkag mus rau nws qhov chaw los hloov nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, qauv, thiab kev ua haujlwm.Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho cua sov yog tsuas yog los txhim kho qhov tawv tawv, hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj, qaug zog, thiab oxidation tsis kam ntawm steel qhov chaw.Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas muaj xws li carburization, nitriding, carbonitriding, thiab lwm yam.
Carburization: Yuav kom ua tiav siab hardness (HRC60-65) thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm qhov chaw, thaum tuav lub siab tawv ntawm qhov chaw.Nws yog feem ntau siv rau hnav-tiv taus thiab cuam tshuam qhov chaw xws li lub log, lub zog, ncej, piston pins, thiab lwm yam.
Nitriding: Txhim kho lub hardness, hnav tsis kam, thiab corrosion kuj ntawm txheej txheej steel, feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li bolts, ceev, thiab pins.
Carbonitriding: txhim kho lub hardness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm txheej txheej steel, haum rau cov pa roj carbon tsawg, nruab nrab carbon steel, los yog alloy steel qhov chaw, thiab kuj siv tau rau high-ceev steel txiav cov cuab yeej.
7. Kev kho cov kua nplaum
Nws yog hais txog cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ntawm cov cua sov ntawm cov hlau rau qhov kub-kub ib-theem ib-theem cheeb tsam thiab tswj qhov kub thiab txias, tso cai rau lub sijhawm dhau mus rau tag nrho cov kuab tshuaj thiab tom qab ntawd txias txias kom tau txais cov tshuaj supersaturated.Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev daws kev kho mob yog tsuas yog los txhim kho cov yas thiab toughness ntawm steel thiab alloys, thiab npaj rau kev kho nag lossis daus hardening.
8. Precipitation hardening ( nag lossis daus khov )
Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas cov hlau nkag mus rau qhov nyuaj vim qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov atoms nyob rau hauv cov kua dej supersaturated thiab / lossis cov dispersion ntawm cov khoom yaj hauv matrix.Yog hais tias austenitic nag lossis daus stainless hlau raug rau nag lossis daus hardening kho ntawm 400-500 ℃ lossis 700-800 ℃ tom qab kho cov kua dej khov lossis ua haujlwm txias, nws tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog siab.
9. Kev kho raws sijhawm
Nws yog hais txog cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas cov hlau ua haujlwm tau txais kev kho kom zoo, cov yas txias deformation lossis casting, thiab tom qab ntawd forged, muab tso rau ntawm qhov kub siab dua lossis khaws cia hauv chav sov, thiab lawv cov khoom, cov duab, thiab qhov loj me hloov lub sijhawm.
Yog tias cov txheej txheem kev laus ntawm cov cua sov ntawm lub workpiece mus rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab ua rau kev laus rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws yog hu ua kev kho kev laus;Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev laus uas tshwm sim thaum lub workpiece khaws cia ntawm chav tsev kub lossis tej yam ntuj tso rau lub sijhawm ntev hu ua natural aging treatment.Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev laus kev kho mob yog kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv lub workpiece, stabilize tus qauv thiab loj, thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
10. Hardenability
Hais txog cov yam ntxwv uas txiav txim siab qhov tob quenching thiab hardness faib ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej.Qhov zoo los yog tsis zoo hardenability ntawm hlau yog feem ntau sawv cev los ntawm qhov tob ntawm txheej hardened.Qhov ntau dua qhov tob ntawm txheej hardening, qhov zoo dua qhov hardenability ntawm cov hlau.Lub hardenability ntawm steel feem ntau yog nyob ntawm nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntsiab lus alloy thiab grain loj uas ua rau kom lub hardenability, cua kub, thiab tuav lub sij hawm.Hlau nrog zoo hardenability tuaj yeem ua tiav cov khoom zoo ib yam thiab zoo ib yam khoom siv thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov quenching agents uas tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem raug xaiv los txo qhov deformation thiab tawg.
11. Critical diam (cim quenching diameter)
Qhov tseem ceeb txoj kab uas hla yog hais txog lub siab tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib tug hlau thaum tag nrho cov martensite los yog 50% martensite qauv tau txais ntawm qhov chaw tom qab quenching nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam nruab nrab.Txoj kab uas hla tseem ceeb ntawm qee cov hlau feem ntau tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev sim hardenability hauv cov roj lossis dej.
12. Secondary hardening
Qee cov hlau-carbon alloys (xws li high-speed steel) yuav tsum muaj ntau yam tempering mus ntxiv kom lawv hardness ntxiv.Qhov no hardening tshwm sim, hu ua thib ob hardening, yog tshwm sim los ntawm nag lossis daus ntawm tshwj xeeb carbides thiab / los yog kev hloov ntawm austenite rau hauv martensite los yog bainite.
13. Tempering brittleness
Hais txog qhov tshwm sim embrittlement ntawm quenched steel tempered nyob rau hauv tej qhov kub thiab txias ntau yam los yog maj mam txias los ntawm tempering kub los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.Temper brittleness tuaj yeem muab faib ua thawj hom temper brittleness thiab thib ob hom temper brittleness.
Thawj hom temper brittleness, tseem hu ua irreversible temper brittleness, feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm tempering kub ntawm 250-400 ℃.Tom qab lub brittleness ploj tom qab reheating, lub brittleness yog rov qab nyob rau hauv no ntau yam thiab tsis tshwm sim lawm;
Qhov thib ob ntawm temper brittleness, tseem hu ua reversible temper brittleness, tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub ntawm 400 txog 650 ℃.Thaum lub brittleness ploj tom qab reheating, nws yuav tsum tau txias sai sai thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob twj ywm rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm los yog qeeb txias nyob rau hauv lub cheeb ntawm 400 mus rau 650 ℃, txwv tsis pub catalytic phenomena yuav tshwm sim dua.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm temper brittleness muaj feem xyuam rau cov hlau alloy muaj nyob rau hauv steel, xws li manganese, chromium, silicon, thiab npib tsib xee, uas zoo li tsim temper brittleness, thaum molybdenum thiab tungsten muaj ib tug nyiam ua rau qaug zog brittleness.
Tshiab Gapower hlauyog ib tug kws steel khoom suppler.Cov yeeb nkab steel, coil thiab bar steel qib suav nrog ST35 ST37 ST44 ST52 42CRMO4, S45C CK45 SAE4130 SAE4140 SCM440 thiab lwm yam. Zoo siab txais tos cov neeg siv khoom nug thiab tuaj xyuas lub Hoobkas.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-23-2023